What is browser fingerprinting?

Browser fingerprinting is a technique that identifies and tracks a device by combining many small, individually-innocuous signals into a single, often unique, identifier — no cookies required. Because dozens of properties are read together, even changing one rarely breaks the match.

Common signals include the canvas and WebGL render output, the GPU vendor/renderer strings, installed fonts, AudioContext output, screen geometry, timezone, language, navigator.hardwareConcurrency/deviceMemory, and the TLS/HTTP-2 handshake underneath the page.

The problem for automation isn't just uniqueness — it's incoherence. A spoof that changes one value but leaves the others (or the network layer) disagreeing is easier to flag than a plain browser. Clearcote's approach is to derive every signal from one seed inside the C++ engine so they stay consistent together. See how detection works and the fingerprint flags.